{"id":14561,"date":"2020-07-16T11:59:12","date_gmt":"2020-07-16T09:59:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.icop.it\/the-sectors\/foundations-n-special-underground-works\/ground-freezing\/"},"modified":"2020-08-04T11:03:30","modified_gmt":"2020-08-04T09:03:30","slug":"ground-freezing","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.icop.it\/en\/the-sectors\/foundations-n-special-underground-works\/ground-freezing\/","title":{"rendered":"Ground freezing"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id='layer_slider_1'  class='avia-layerslider main_color avia-shadow  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-first  container_wrap sidebar_left' style='  height: 351px; max-width: 1280px; margin: 0 auto;' ><\/div><div id='after_layer_slider_1'  class='main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap sidebar_left' style=' '  ><div class='container' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-14561'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_full  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_layerslider  el_before_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-first  \" style='border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><h4><strong>GROUND FREEZING<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>The ground freezing technique aims at allowing the execution of underground works when the presence of groundwater, and therefore the subsequent instability of soil or strong water inflow, make it difficult to work there.<\/p>\n<p>The controlled lowering of temperature down to freezing point reduces or temporarily annul soil permeability, increasing its stability, and also increases the strength of soil.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_full  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_full  column-top-margin\" style='border-radius:0px; '><div  class='av-horizontal-gallery av-horizontal-gallery-large-gap av-horizontal-gallery-enlarge-effect av-horizontal-gallery-1  avia-builder-el-4  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  av-control-default '  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  style='padding: 3.75% 0px;' data-av-enlarge='1.3'  ><div class='avia-slideshow-arrows avia-slideshow-controls'><a href='#prev' class='prev-slide av-horizontal-gallery-prev' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue87c' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'>Previous<\/a><a href='#next' class='next-slide av-horizontal-gallery-next' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue87d' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'>Next <\/a><\/div><div class='av-horizontal-gallery-inner' style='padding-bottom:25%' data-av-height='25'><div class='av-horizontal-gallery-slider'><div class='av-horizontal-gallery-wrap noHover'><img class='av-horizontal-gallery-img' width='1030' height='773' src='https:\/\/www.icop.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/12_Congelamento-3.jpg' title='12_Congelamento (3)' alt='' \/><a href='https:\/\/www.icop.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/12_Congelamento-3.jpg'  class='av-horizontal-gallery-link' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue869' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' title='12_Congelamento (3)'><\/a><\/div><div class='av-horizontal-gallery-wrap noHover'><img class='av-horizontal-gallery-img' width='1030' height='773' src='https:\/\/www.icop.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/12_Congelamento-1.jpg' title='12_Congelamento (1)' alt='' \/><a href='https:\/\/www.icop.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/12_Congelamento-1.jpg'  class='av-horizontal-gallery-link' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue869' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' title='12_Congelamento (1)'><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_full  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_full  column-top-margin\" style='border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p>This method is used for drilling wells, building tunnel headings, barrages and walls. In the area to be treated, freeze pipes are placed at a fixed distance between centres to allow a reciprocal interpenetration of columns and, subsequently, create a continuous frozen wall. The temperature of soil is conventionally and safely lowered, until it reaches a value of at least -10\u00b0 C at a distance of 50 cm from the core of the pipe, and is then kept at that value for the whole working period.<\/p>\n<p>The freezing process is carried out using cooling systems which allows the continuous circulation of calcium chloride at -35\u00b0 C in appropriate tubes preinstalled in the ground. Alternatively, liquid nitrogen is injected in the tubes and then exhausted to atmosphere in gaseous form. The extremely low temperature (-190\u00b0) causes a quick and efficient freezing, and this condition is then maintained by means of refrigeration systems. Generally, this latter method is only used for short periods or for the sole cooling activation.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_full  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  avia-builder-el-7  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_full  column-top-margin\" style='border-radius:0px; '><div  class='avia-image-container  av-styling-    avia-builder-el-8  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  avia-align-center '  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"  ><div class='avia-image-container-inner'><div class='avia-image-overlay-wrap'><img class='avia_image' src='https:\/\/www.icop.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/12_Congelamento-2.jpg' alt='' title='12_Congelamento (2)' height=\"1125\" width=\"2000\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_full  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  avia-builder-el-9  el_after_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-last  column-top-margin\" style='border-radius:0px; '><p><div  style='padding-bottom:10px; color:#172f62;' class='av-special-heading av-special-heading-h2 custom-color-heading   avia-builder-el-10  el_before_av_masonry_entries  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Working sheets<\/h2><div class='special-heading-border'><div class='special-heading-inner-border' style='border-color:#172f62'><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<div style='display:none'>14561<\/div><div id='unidea-filter-paesi'><span class='unidea-filter-paesi-all unidea-filter-paesi-active'>All<\/span> \/ <span class='unidea-filter-paesi-item ' data-filterpaese='Italy'>Italy<\/span> \/ <span class='unidea-filter-paesi-item ' data-filterpaese='France'>France<\/span><\/div><div id='av-masonry-1' class='av-masonry  noHover av-fixed-size av-large-gap av-hover-overlay-active av-masonry-animation-active av-masonry-col-3 av-caption-always av-caption-style-    '  ><div class='av-masonry-container isotope av-js-disabled ' ><div class='av-masonry-entry isotope-item av-masonry-item-no-image all_sort deep-slurry-walls_sort  drilled-piles_sort  foundations-special-underground-works_sort  ground-freezing_sort  jet-grouting-en_sort  diaphragm_sort  grouting-injections-tam-rock-grouting_sort  micropiles_sort '><\/div><a href=\"https:\/\/www.icop.it\/en\/works\/9961-metropolitana-di-napoli-linea-6\/\" data-settore='Deep Slurry Walls|Drilled piles|Foundations and special underground works|Ground freezing|Jet Grouting' data-paese='Italy' id='av-masonry-1-item-16434' data-av-masonry-item='16434' class='av-masonry-entry isotope-item post-16434 prodotti type-prodotti status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry settori-deep-slurry-walls settori-drilled-piles settori-foundations-special-underground-works settori-ground-freezing settori-jet-grouting-en paesi-italy all_sort deep-slurry-walls_sort  drilled-piles_sort  foundations-special-underground-works_sort  ground-freezing_sort  jet-grouting-en_sort  av-masonry-item-with-image ' title=\"2_9961_Napoli_COPERTINA\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='av-inner-masonry-sizer'><\/div><figure class='av-inner-masonry main_color'><div class=\"av-masonry-outerimage-container\"><div class=\"av-masonry-image-container\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/www.icop.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/2_9961_Napoli_COPERTINA-705x698.png);\" title=\"2_9961_Napoli_COPERTINA\" ><\/div><\/div><figcaption class='av-inner-masonry-content site-background'><div class='av-inner-masonry-content-pos'><div class='av-inner-masonry-content-pos-content'><div class='avia-arrow'><\/div><h3 class='av-masonry-entry-title entry-title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >9961 &#8211; Naples Metro &#8211; Line 6 (Italy)<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/a><!--end av-masonry entry--><a href=\"https:\/\/www.icop.it\/en\/works\/1384-clichy-saint-ouen-parigi-francia\/\" data-settore='Foundations and special underground works|Ground freezing' data-paese='France' id='av-masonry-1-item-16596' data-av-masonry-item='16596' class='av-masonry-entry isotope-item post-16596 prodotti type-prodotti status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry settori-foundations-special-underground-works settori-ground-freezing paesi-france all_sort foundations-special-underground-works_sort  ground-freezing_sort  av-masonry-item-with-image ' title=\"43_ClichySaintOuen_COPERTINA\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='av-inner-masonry-sizer'><\/div><figure class='av-inner-masonry main_color'><div class=\"av-masonry-outerimage-container\"><div class=\"av-masonry-image-container\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/www.icop.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/43_ClichySaintOuen_COPERTINA-705x376.jpg);\" title=\"43_ClichySaintOuen_COPERTINA\" ><\/div><\/div><figcaption class='av-inner-masonry-content site-background'><div class='av-inner-masonry-content-pos'><div class='av-inner-masonry-content-pos-content'><div class='avia-arrow'><\/div><h3 class='av-masonry-entry-title entry-title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >1384 &#8211; Clichy Saint-Ouen &#8211; Parigi (France)<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/a><!--end av-masonry entry--><a href=\"https:\/\/www.icop.it\/en\/works\/1319-porte-de-clichy-parigi-francia\/\" data-settore='Deep Slurry Walls|Diaphragm walls|Drilled piles|Foundations and special underground works|Ground freezing|Grouting injections: TAM e rock grouting|Jet Grouting|Micropiles' data-paese='France' id='av-masonry-1-item-16483' data-av-masonry-item='16483' class='av-masonry-entry isotope-item post-16483 prodotti type-prodotti status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry settori-deep-slurry-walls settori-diaphragm settori-drilled-piles settori-foundations-special-underground-works settori-ground-freezing settori-grouting-injections-tam-rock-grouting settori-jet-grouting-en settori-micropiles paesi-france all_sort deep-slurry-walls_sort  diaphragm_sort  drilled-piles_sort  foundations-special-underground-works_sort  ground-freezing_sort  grouting-injections-tam-rock-grouting_sort  jet-grouting-en_sort  micropiles_sort  av-masonry-item-with-image ' title=\"17_PorteDeClichy_COPERTINA 2\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\"  ><div class='av-inner-masonry-sizer'><\/div><figure class='av-inner-masonry main_color'><div class=\"av-masonry-outerimage-container\"><div class=\"av-masonry-image-container\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/www.icop.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/17_PorteDeClichy_COPERTINA-2-705x529.jpg);\" title=\"17_PorteDeClichy_COPERTINA 2\" ><\/div><\/div><figcaption class='av-inner-masonry-content site-background'><div class='av-inner-masonry-content-pos'><div class='av-inner-masonry-content-pos-content'><div class='avia-arrow'><\/div><h3 class='av-masonry-entry-title entry-title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >1319 &#8211; Porte de Clichy &#8211; Paris (France)<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/a><!--end av-masonry entry--><\/div><\/div><\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":14442,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.icop.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14561"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.icop.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.icop.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.icop.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.icop.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14561"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.icop.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14561\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17076,"href":"https:\/\/www.icop.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14561\/revisions\/17076"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.icop.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14442"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.icop.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14561"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}